MAJOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES- 2

January 13, 2022January 13, 2022 Psychologist Nikita 0 Comments mental health, mental health awareness, psychoeducation, psychology

DEFENSE MECHANISM	COPING
Unconscious process	The conscious and subconscious process
Non-intentional	Intentional
Dispositional	Situationally determined
Hierarchical	Non-hierarchical
Associated with pathology	Associated with normality
Oriented towards blocking instinctual inner drives	Oriented towards controlling external/internal stressors
Post-affective	They may be activated in any stage of the stress reaction
Hierarchical organization	Situational Effectiveness
They block expression of affects	They allow expression(assertion) of affects
Rigid, ritualized	Flexible
Oriented towards the past	Oriented towards present and future
They distort reality	They allow confrontation with reality
Generated at the Ego-Id interface	Generated in contact with reality

	DELIRIUM	DEMENTIA
ONSET	Abrupt	Usually insidious; can be abrupt in stroke/trauma
COURSE	Fluctuates	Slow decline
DURATION	Hours to weeks	Months to years
ATTENTION	Impaired	Intact early; often impaired late
SLEEP-WAKE	Disrupted	Usually normal
ALERTNESS	Impaired	Normal
ORIENTATION	Impaired	Intact early; impaired late
BEHAVIOUR	Agitated, withdrawn/depressed, or combination	Intact early
SPEECH	Incoherent; rapid/slowed	Wood finding problems
THOUGHTS	Disorganized, delusional	Improvised
PERCEPTIONS	Hallucinations/illusions	Usually intact early

NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS	PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
Symptoms that affect the brain and central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.	These are the abnormalities in mind that result in a persistent behavior pattern that can seriously affect your day-to-day function and life.
Cause: Lifestyle-related causes, infections, genetics, nutrition-related causes, environmental influences, physical injuries, etc.	Cause: Chemical imbalance in the brain, childhood experiences, heredity illness, stress/prenatal exposure, etc.
Signs can vary depending upon the type of disorder as well as a specific area of the body that is affected.	Can have serious event life-threatening complications, which often improves but, relapses are possible.
Has physical as well as emotional symptoms.	Multiple psychological symptoms can occur at the same time.
Treatment involves medication that is generally taken for a long period of time.	Treatment involves psychotherapy along with some medications.

ILLNESS	DISEASE
Illness is the subjective negative experience that comes with ill health.	A disease is an identifiable condition affecting an organ or organism.
An illness is mostly curable.	Some disease can’t be cured, but can only be managed.
State where the person has feelings of pain/discomfort that doesn’t have an identifiable reason.	Result from a pathological response to external/internal factors.
Vague condition that causes discomfort/pain.	Condition where the body/parts of the body of a person doesn’t work properly.
There is really no identifiable reason behind the condition, which we feel illness.	If the condition behind the illness is identified, then it is more often referred to as a disease.

NORMAL PERCEPTION	IMAGERY
Concrete reality.	Figurative and have a character of subjectivity.
Occur in external objective space.	Appear in inner subjective space.
Clearly delineated.	Incomplete and poorly delineated.
Sensory elements are full and fresh.	Sensory elements are relatively insufficient.
Constant and remain unaltered.	Dissipate and have to be recreated.
Independent of our will.	Dependent on our will.

ICD	DSM
International classification	National classification
Approved by world health assembly	Approved by APA board of trustees
Several versions and languages	Single version and language
Diagnostic guidelines	Precise operational criteria
Alphanumerical coding	Numerical coding
10 major categories	17 major categories
Includes disorder of all medical specialty	Only mental disorders
Multi-axial presentation: 3 axes(adult), 6 axes(children)	Multi-axial presentation : 5 axes

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