MAJOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES- 1
OCD | OCPD |
OCD(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) is a form of anxiety disorder. | OCPD(Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder) is a form of personality disorder. |
Signs and symptoms vary in severity over time. | Signs and symptoms tend to remain the same. |
Can be easily identified. | Cannot be easily recognized. |
The motive for unusual behaviour stems from the need to prevent an imaginary catastrophe or disaster. | The motive for unusual behaviour stems from the need to be perfect. |
Accept their condition and will seek medical help. | Reluctant to seek medical help since they don’t see a problem in their behaviour. |
Seek medical help to control their symptoms and tension on day to day activities. | Seek help due to everyday conflicts and arguments with family and friends. |
HYPOCHONDRIASIS | SOMATISATION DISORDER |
A mental illness is characterised by an excessive irrational concern for one’s health and conviction in the presence of a disease for which there is no objective evidence. | The presence of physical complaints over a period longer than 6 months cannot be explained by a particular disease. |
Distributed equally between both sexes. Occurs most often in elderly people. | Occurs more common in women, in elderly people, and in individuals with low socioeconomic status. |
Preoccupation with fears of having or the conviction of having one or more progressive disorders, based on a misinterpretation of symptoms. | Pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, and other gastrointestinal problems with no specific medical reason for their occurrence. |
Depression, panic disorder, misunderstanding of the physical feelings and the way the body works, hereditary factors, severe health problems in the past, etc. | Chronic stress. |
Cognitive therapy, helping patients to rationalize their fears, and medications, reducing anxiety. | Medications and/or psychotherapy, based on the severity and type of the symptoms and the age of the patients. |
NEUROSIS | PSYCHOSIS |
Personality not affected. | Personality is affected. |
Insight present. | Insight affected. |
Delusions absent. | Delusions present. |
Hallucinations absent. | Hallucinations present. |
Speech is appropriate. | Disorganised speech. |
Judgement and reasoning are intact. | Judgement and reasoning are impaired. |
ECT is not needed. | ECT is very useful. |
Genetic factors are less important. | Genetic factors are more important. |
Behaviour appropriate. | Behaviour is disorganised. |
Mental health issues fall just outside normal functioning but the individual is in touch with the reality and knows they’re ill. | Mental health issues where the individual has lost the touch with reality and is not on a continuum with normal mental health |
EPILEPTIC SEIZURE | PSEUDO SEIZURE |
Also known as Epilepsy. | Also known as Functional Seizure, Dissociative Seizures, Psychogenic Seizures, Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, Non-Epileptic Attack Disorder(NEAD). |
Last for 2-3 minutes. | 2 minutes – many hours. |
No secondary gain. | Present. |
Can occur anytime and anywhere. | In the presence of someone (caring). |
EEG disturb. | EEG normal. |
Sudden. | Gradual. |
Plantar effect (sensation when touched on feet) absent. | Present. |
May/may not lose consciousness. | Loses consciousness. |
Pupil and eyeball dilate. | Absent. |
Tongue biting and urinal incontinence are present. | Absent. |
Head injury present. | Absent. |
Abnormal electrical discharge in the brain. | Happens for a psychological reason. |
GUIDANCE | COUNSELLING | |
MEANING | Refers to an advice/relevant piece of information provided by a superior, to resolve a problem/overcome from difficulty. | Refers to professional advice given by a counsellor to an individual to help him in overcoming from personal/psychological problem. |
NATURE | Preventive | Remedial and curative |
APPROACH | Comprehensive and extroverted | In-depth and introverted |
WHAT IT DOES? | It assists the person in choosing the best alternative. | Tends to change the perspective, to help him/her get the solution by him/herself. |
DEALS WITH | Education and career-related | Personal and social psychological issues |
PROVIDED BY | Any person superior/expert | The person who possesses a high level of skill and professional training |
PRIVACY | Open and less private | Confidential |
MODE | One to one/one to many | One to one |
DECISION MAKING | By guide | By the client |
BASIS OF COMPARISON | Guidance | Counselling |
SYMPTOMS | SIGNS |
Vague | Visible |
Covert | Overt |
Subjective | Objective |
Characteristic of disease | Indicator of specific disease |
Experienced and reported by the patient | Doctor’s discovers signs during patient’s examination |
Reported by patient | Reported through clinical settings |
Cannot be measured | Can be measured |
Patient experience about injury, illness or disease | Physical manifestations of injury, illness or disease |
Only the patient perceives or experiences | Can be felt, heard, or seen |
E.g.: Tiredness, dizziness, pain, chills, fever, nausea etc. | E.g.: Blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature etc. |
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